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There are several levels of Islamic education available in Pakistan (see Table 1), which is provided by madaris as well as primary Islamic schools known as makatib (singular maktab). Part of the analytical puzzle with enumerating madaris and their students has been the persistent problem of distinguishing between makatib and madaris. The makatib tend to be smaller than “madaris,” have fewer students, are less likely to have hostels and are almost always associated with mosques.i Where madaris and makatib differ most clearly is in their scope of education. Makatib teach primary Islamic subjects such as reading the Quran (Nazira). Some may also teach Hifz (or memorization of Quran). The sina qua non of a madrassah is that it teaches—either in full or in part—a specialized curriculum called Dars-e-Nizami.ii
 

Boys typically complete the Dars-e-Nizami in 8 years at Sunni madaris. Girls complete a condensed curriculum in 6 years. Students complete four successive degrees (sanad) at regular intervals. The government of Pakistan (GOP) recognizes the final degree (Shahadatul Alamiya) as the equivalent to an MA in Arabic and Islamic studies for most purposes. None of the lower degrees are recognized by the government. Students can take local school board exams and thereby obtain mainstream degrees while studying the Dars-e-Nizami curriculum. However, this appears to be feasible only for the most motivated students and is not necessarily typical. Not all madaris have faculty that teach at all levels, and thus some students may study at more than one madrassah to attain their various degrees. For a schedule of degrees and their comparable attainment in the mainstream educational system, see Education System Table for more information


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